Rendering

Radiosity is a rendering technology which realistically simulates the way in which light interacts in an environment. In this way radiosity offer significant benefits over standard lighting such as Improved image quality.

Radiosity technology in 3DS Max produces more accurate photometric simulations of lighting in scenes. Effects like indirect light, soft shadows and colour bleeding between surfaces produce images of natural realism that aren’t attainable by using standard scanline rendering. These images give you a better and more predictable representation of what your designs will look like under specific lighting conditions. Radiosity also provides more intuitive lighting where, in conjuction with radiosity techniques, 3DS Max also provides a real world interface. Instead of specifying lighting intensity using arbitrary values,

An algorithm is a definite list of well defined instructions for completing a that given an initial state will proceed through a well defined series of successive states and then terminate in an end state. A shader performs a variety of functions, they used to determine colour and illumination of object surfacing but mental ray extends the concept to make almost all aspects of rendering customizable and programmable.

Rendering Hardware

API originally stood for Advanced Programing Interface but is now more commonly known as Application Programming Interface. It is a source code interface which, provided by an operating system or library, supports requests of it made by computer programmes.

GPU stands for Graphics Processing Unit although it is sometimes known as a Visual Processing Unit or VPU and it is a dedicated graphics rendering device for a PC or games console, they are much more efficient at displaying graphics than they used be.

(CGI) Computer Generated Imagery

CGI, or Computer Generated Imagery, is the application of 3D computer graphics to special effects in film, TV, simulators etc. Games also use CGI but it is often referred to as FMV, or Full Motion Video.

CGI is used because it is overall very practical, it saves time, effort and a lot of money as it is more controllable than other physically based processes, such as effects shots and hiring extras for crowd scenes, also because it allows the creation of images that wouldn’t be feasible using other technologies and one artist can produce content without the use of props, set pieces or actors. Recent accessibility to CGI software and faster computers has meant people can produce this is their own homes.

CGI was first used in 2D, in the film Westworld in 1973, its sequel, Futureworld, then went a step further and used the first 3D imagery in 1976. It featured a computer generated hand and face, which was created by university of Utah graduates Fred Parke and Edwin Catmull.

However, the first 2 films to invest heavily in CGI, Tron and The Last Starfighter, were commercial failures which meant directors had to relegate CGI to images that were actually supposed to look like they were created by computers. CGI did not win over the motion picture industry until 1989 when The Abyss won an Academy Award for Visual Effects and Industrial Light and Magic produced complex CGI visual effects, such as a seawater creature named the pseudopod, featuring in one scene of the film.

CGI took a major role in Terminator 2: Judgment Day, where the T-1000 Terminator was made of liquid metal and used morphing effects fully integrated into action sequences in the film. Terminator 2 also won I.L.M an Oscar for its effects. It was Jurassic Park in 1993 however, where dinosaurs were created with CGI and integrated into live action scenes, which revolutionized the film industry. It marked Hollywood’s transition from stop-motion animation to digital techniques.

In 1995 the first fully computer generated film was produced, called Toy Story. It was a commercial success and later led to Disney’s transition from traditional animation to CGI.

Examples Of CGI Software

Maya

Maya is a high end 3D computer graphics and 3D modeling software package owned by Autodesk is used in the film and TV industry, as well as for computer and video games.

In 2003, Maya won an Academy Award for scientific and technical achievement, citing use on nearly every feature using 3-D computer-generated images.

Cartesian Co-ordinate System

Creating the illusion of working in three-dimensional space is called the Cartesian Co-ordinate system, first developed by Rene Descartes in 1637.

Peter Docter

Peter Docter was born on August 10, 1968 in Bloomington, Minnesota, USA. He is a film director, best known for Monsters, Inc., a Pixar film. He graduated from John F. Kennedy High School in Bloomington, Minnesota. He is also a former member of the Mentor Connection.

Peter Docter has been an integral part of some of the most seminal works of Pixar Studios, notably Toy Story, Toy Story 2, A Bugs Life and Monsters, Inc.. He contributed to these animated films as a co-author to the scripts, and worked alongside CGI stalwarts like John Lasseter, Andrew Stanton and Joe Ranft. He also voiced Mr. Incredible in the Mr. Incredible and Pals short cartoon released on the special features disc on the DVD of The Incredibles. All of these films received mass acclaim and top honors.

In 2004, he was asked to direct the English translation of Howl’s Moving Castle by John Lasseter, who declined the project for he was busy helping making the movie, Cars.

Docter is currently directing Up, set for release June 12, 2009.